One thing that most people get confused about Japanese particles is that you need to change them when giving negative answer to a Yes/No question.
Besides, it's also important on where to add the particle は (wa) because the the meaning of the answer changes depending on the position of where you placed は (wa).
Before going into the change of Japanese particles, let's see how to change Japanese verbs into their negative forms.
To change Japanese verbs to their negative forms, you just need to change the ます (masu) to ません (masen), such as...
To show how to use the above in a sentence, see the following examples...
Let's see how to answer this Yes/No question as follow...
You can answer the above question in 2 ways...
As you can see from answer 1, the particle は (wa) was added immediately after まいあさ (maiasa) to emphasize that it's NOT every morning that I drink coffee, but only sometimes.
Whereas for answer 2, を (wo) is changed to は(wa) after コーヒー (ko-hi) to emphasize that it's NOT coffee that I drink every morning, but tea.
In general, the rules for the Japanese particles change in negative answers are as follow...
Rule 1: None/を/が/も → は
Meaning: When there is no particle or the particle is either を, が or も, change it to は.
Rule 2: Other Particles → Particle + は
Meaning: If the particle is neither を, が nor も, add は to the particle.
(に → には, と → とは, で → では, へ → へは, etc)
Let's use an example to show how to apply the above rules on Japanese particles...
Another example...
Please take note that the above rules apply only if you are answering a Yes/No question in negative ways. Normal negative sentence would not need to change particle or add は (wa) to other Japanese particles.
However, sometimes even for normal negative sentence, people change the Japanese particle in order to emphasize something. For example...
was changed to...
...to emphasize that I don't drink coffee, but drink other beverage.
If you want to know more about particles, I recommend you get one of these books on particles.
Lesson 11: Particles.
Lesson 15: Particles ka and mo with Question Words.
Lesson 16: Particles to and de.
Lesson 24: Particles wa and ga.
Lesson 27: Particle to for Quotation.
Intermediate Lesson 14: Particle ga for Introduction.
Intermediate Lesson 18: Particle de with more Functions.
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